Silver and gold, columbian exchange, plantation farming. Cultural syncretism is when cultures blend together and this occurred as slaves were traded back and forth. Who were typically indentured servants in this time period and how would that change in the 1750-1900 time period? What is the mit'a system and how was it exploited by the Spanish empire? The Spanish Empire was a global empire centered in Spain that ruled over a large portion of the world from the 15th to the early 19th centuries. For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. Describe the difference between the trading-post empire established by the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and the colonies they established in the New World. Ultimately, the exchange of new food staples increased the population of Africa, but in parts of West Africa, the population suffered as people were taken. The original rules were superseded by the addition of several new directives. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate power in land- based empires. It was also known for its impressive architectural achievements, such as the construction of roads, aqueducts, and terraced agriculture. The British Empire was a major player in world affairs, helping to shape the modern world. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. Networks of exchange majorly increased as trade became more and more important and caused empires to grow in wealth. Most of the native literature, art, and languages were completely destroyed, which left very few primary sources from before 1450. Before 1450, regional trade was all the rage as the Silk Roads, Indian Ocean network, and Trans-Saharan routes exploded with more merchants and goods flowing. Back in England, things were getting complicated. By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. Explorers also tried to proselytize others. The Incan Empire was conquered by the Spanish in the early 16th century, and it was eventually absorbed into the Spanish Empire. The Safavid Empire was a Persian Empire that ruled over parts of present-day Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus region from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. The Ming Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644. The Mughal Empire ruled over much of the Indian subcontinent at its peak, including modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and parts of Afghanistan. Organized people into 10, 50, 100, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 led by local officials. The Mughal emperors were known for their cultural accomplishments and support for the arts, and their rule had a profound and long-lasting impact on the development of the arts. Label each word or phrase that is italicized to indicate its use in the sentence. These things brought them great wealth. Relative to the total population. Texans, Choose three of the groups listed below and describe how their experience was similar to or different from the experience described in the song. The two split because they couldn't agree on who they wanted to rule after Muhammad, Ali or Abu Bakr. a. \end{array} & 2997.11 & 3 & 999.04 & 15.54 & 1.2 \mathrm{E}-06 & 2.866 \\ These new scientific discoveries and navigation undoubtedly opened up new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific, which also led to mass migrations of people (forced and voluntary). Explain how land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power: Land-based empires utilized religious art and ideas to maintain power because rulers were able to either have religious tolerance or have a specific religion that they believe. French King Louis XIV built the Palace of Versailles. The Incan Empire, also known as the Inca Empire, was a South American empire that was located in the Andes Mountains. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. The Columbian Exchange was started by Christopher Columbus and it traded luxury goods around the globe. Which neurotransmitter is inhibited in panic disorders? Russian serfs had suffered oppression. It was founded in the late 13th century by Turkish tribes who converted to Islam in northwestern Anatolia. How did land based empires consolidate power in this era? Why were large powerful militaries & elite cadres of soldiers essential in this 1450-1700? A nation's wealth was seen as how much trade they endured and an increase in exports. What were the characteristics of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China? Anything extra that they collected they were able to keep. Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Flashcards | Quizlet Land Based Empires 1450-c. 1750 Term 1 / 22 What were the characteristics of the Ottoman Empire? By 1450, more people were migrating in search of religious tolerance and economic opportunities. How did land based empires in 1450-1700 use religious tolerance? What direction were the people and women moving? The Aztec Empire is particularly known for its system of writing, which was based on glyphs, or symbols, that represented sounds and concepts. How did Aztec Empire (1428-1521), in Mesoamerica consolidate power in this era? 4. Positive - new products were being traded, allies were made, wealth, plantation farming increased It was founded by the Aztec civilization, which developed in the central valley of Mexico and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. In this empire art and literature flourished. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Historical Developments Imperial expansion relied on the increased use of gunpowder, cannons, and . Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. Spanish and Portuguese influence spread across politics, economics, and society in the Americas. TheFrenchEmpirewasoneofthelargestandmostpowerfulempiresinhistory,withterritoriesinEurope,theAmericas,Africa,andAsiaatitspeak. The French Empire is known for its cultural achievements and its impact on European politics and history. Why does it have these characteristics? 1453: Ottoman Conquest of Constantinople, Rise of the Ottoman Empire, 1471: Completion of the Sun Temple in Cuzco, rise of the Inca Empire, 1526: Guru Nanak founded the first Sikh Community, 1682: Palace of Versaille completed in France, 1707: Death of Emperor Aurangzeb, weakening of the Mughal Empire, New military weapons make wars more decisive, Increase in the size and number of Empires, Administrative systems more resources to expand, Collapse of Nomadic Empires room for landed empires to expand, Continued spread of major religions associated with empires. West Stopped crusades and expanded Islam. What were the characteristics of the Songhay Empire? Describe European trading posts in Africa. The Sultans ruled the top of the pyramid and had powers to grant rewards to favored groups, such as soldiers. Answer:The fact that the Ottoman Empire became more prominent from 1450 to 1750 had a great impact on global trade networks and in the way trade was conducted in the area. It was founded by the Inca civilization, which developed in the Andean region of South America and eventually came to dominate much of the region through military conquests. The Songhai Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the study of mathematics, astronomy, and Islamic studies. Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Were very wealthy, powerful and diverse. Why did this split intensify during the 1450-1750 time period? The Songhai Empire was centered in the city of Gao on the Niger River in what is now Mali. It was the world's largest country by land area, covering more than one-sixth of the planet's land surface, and the third most populous. How did the Qing Dynasty expand their empire? What factors drove the demand for chattel slavery? In present-day New Mexico, the entire Pueblo community rebelled against the Spanish for 10 days in 1680. This was an extreme case of class mobility, but is an example of what was possible. During the Ottoman Empire, the arts, including literature, architecture, and music, flourished. This included the development of military professionals Learning Objective 3.4.D These are a good comparison of the methods by which various empires increased their influence from 1450-1750. What were the causes and impacts of the Columbian Exchange? These diseases killed up to 90% of the population. Following the Russian Revolution of 1917, which resulted in the establishment of the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire was dissolved. The Incan Empire was known for its advanced system of government, which included a well-organized bureaucracy and a strong centralized administration. How did the Asante benefit from participation in trading networks in this time period? The Ottoman Turks were able to control the Silk Road, which was a trading route that connected Europe with the markets in Asia and the Middle East. Negative - no immunity to new diseases, slave rebellion, environmental issues from the new technologies and food. The most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire (r. 1520-1566); also known as 'The Lawgiver.' At its height, the Dutch Empire included territories in Europe, the Americas, Africa, and Asia, and it was one of the largest and most powerful empires in history. During the Inca Empire, the arts, including literature, music, and architecture, flourished. Repeat part (a) with a sample size of 10. China was also set on isolating itself from foreign affairs. What methods were used by the Ottoman Empire to collect taxes? Free peasants affected by heavy debts often lost their land and were forced into serfdom. How did the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), in Middle East & Southern Europe centralize their bureaucracies? From the 15th to the early 20th centuries, the Portuguese Empire ruled over a significant portion of the world. How did Islamic Emperors use religion to legitimize their power 1450-1700? They had market places in every city with a large variety of goods. Although some existed before and after, most are confined to this time period. Manchu Empire, 1911. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? They supported exploration by agricultural, manufactured, and animal products as well as supported slave trade. Spanish. A caravel was a European ship that was used to explore the west coast. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. Within the military, the. Lutherans and Calvinists did not attend. The Inca Empire, also known as the Inka Empire or the Tawantinsuyu, was a South American empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Peru, Ecuador, Chile, Bolivia, Argentina, and Colombia from the 13th to the 16th century. At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. As more land was found and Europeans created trading posts in Africa, more Africans were enslaved and more goods were produced. The lateen sail was a triangular sail that allowed ships to sail against wind. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, In the Manifest Destiny Nearpod and videos, there was an image of people moving and in the center, there was a woman in white. Following the Xinhai Revolution, which ended imperial rule in China, the Qing Empire was dissolved in 1912. The Spanish empire then used it as labor. Unit 3: Land-Based Empires (1450-1750) Context Practice Instructions: Write a contextual statement for each of the prompts below. The Aztec Empire, also known as the Mexica Empire, was a Mesoamerican empire that ruled over a large territory that included parts of modern-day Mexico and Central America from the 14th to the 16th century. The Spanish, Portuguese, French, English, and Dutch had to find another route in order to remain competitive, so they invested in exploration. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. Rulers used a variety of methods to legitimize and consolidate their power. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. This gave wealth. The Atlantic Slave Trade began immediately after the Portuguese arrived in Africa, but seriously expanded after Native American populations were decimated. Muslim merchants continued to travel on trade routes, as they had done in the past centuries. Together, they defeated the Portuguese in 1647, but the Dutch retreat from central Africa a year leaving the region vulnerable. Ruled from 1644 until 1911. What were the characteristics of the Mughal Empire? Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. in underground passages and rooms called catacombs This included the use of tax collection systems to generate revenue in order to forward state power and expansion. The Mexica were a Native American civilization that existed from the 14th to the 16th centuries in central Mexico. Used the Shia version of Islam. It was founded by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty and established their own rule over China. The Spanish also established a fort at St. Augustine in present-day Florida. Even as serfdom was abolished across Europe, Russian serfs were tied to the land through strict laws that had no opportunity for freedom. Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai), After kicking out the Mongols, Russians reclaimed their land, Ivan IV started to expand until they reached the Pacific Ocean, Ottomans enslaved young Christian boys from Southeastern Europe and converted them to Islam, worked for the Ottoman government, a local official in Mughal India who received a plot of farmland for temporary use in return for collecting taxes for the central government, Belief that a ruler's authority comes directly from god (popular in European monarchies), A government in which power is concentrated in a central authority to which local governments are subject, A large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. How did land-based empires generate revenue to expand and maintain power? So, pump your brakes on the European Empires. Why does it have these characteristics? This will not only help you review content from Unit 3. How did religion lead to conflict in the Middle East 1450-1700? They had a powerful military as they conquered land and empires easily. This helped to further consolidate the shogunate's power and maintain stability throughout the country. answer choices Its absorption of traditions and technology from the Byzantine Empire and western Europe The eradication of Islam from Central Asia The use of its strong navy to acquire colonial holdings worldwide How did the Aztecs use Tribute as a means for consolidating power? Legitimized power over the Chinese since the Manchu were seen as foreigners. In the Atlantic, the consistent trade from Europe to Africa to the Americas and back to Europe was known as. Explain how the land-based empires of the 1450-1750 time period developed (what allowed them to obtain and maintain power): Land-based empires were able to develop as production of gunpowder and cannons increased. Bureaucracy/Military (ex: Ottoman devshirme, salaried samurai) . This is a constant in world history. They established the Aztec Empire, a vast empire that ruled over much of central and southern Mexico. Emperor who reigned from 1736-1795. Describe the Ottoman Empire (use SPICE-T characteristics): The Ottoman Empire was located in modern-day Turkey. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. This is whats known as the. Bureaucracy/Military (ex. If there is a specific religion that needs to be followed, they can enforce it and create consequences. Positive - new technologies and food The Spanish abolished systems against being cruel to natives. In order to resist the Portuguese. The Safavids were Twelver Shia Muslims who made Shia Islam the official religion of the empire. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. It was a Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with labor of particular groups. North The Mughal emperors, particularly Akbar, Shah Jahan, and Jahangir, were patrons of the arts and encouraged the development of a distinct Mughal style of art and architecture. (Christians and Muslims). The Qing Empire was distinguished by a centralized government, a social hierarchy, and a bureaucratic rule system. The work of harvesting cash crops and mining silver was labor intensive. Akbar was very tolerant of religions and removed the jizya. If they could fast a quicker route to Asia, profits would balloon and religious ideologies would spread. The Romanov dynasty ruled the Russian Empire, which was distinguished by a strong government and a rigid hierarchy. \hline \text { Column 1 } & {10} &{349} \\ \text { Between } \\ The split intensified because of political rivalries of the Ottoman and Safavid empires and how they connected to Islam. The French Empire is particularly known for its contributions to the fields of law, administration, and education, as many of the institutions and systems that were developed during this time continue to influence these fields today. New syncretic religions emerged that blended native and colonial traditions. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major libraries and the support of scholars and intellectuals. The colonists defeated the Natives after 14 months of bloody rebellion. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. The Ming Dynasty was known for its trade expansion to the outside world, including the establishment of diplomatic relations with the Ottoman Empire and the creation of the Treasure Fleet, a powerful navy that allowed China to become a dominant maritime power. The empire was also a center of learning and scholarship, with the establishment of several major universities and the support of scholars and intellectuals. It was significant because it was the best ship for sea trade. \end{array} , r to the interactive in the lesson for information on each group.) The Safavid Empire declined in the late 18th century and was eventually dissolved in the early 19th century. In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. A tribute of young boys that the Ottomans levied on Christian communities. The changes in economic policy and increased trade led to innovations in finances, business, and banking. The Tokugawa Shogunate implemented a number of policies that had a lasting impact on Japan, including the sakoku policy, which isolated Japan from the rest of the world and restricted foreign trade and contact. The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty in China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. (The Ming Dynasty was the last native dynasty in China). The Mughals, under Akbar and several of his successors, were religiously tolerant of the Hindu majority which allowed themselves to be seen as legitimate rulers. It was distinguished by a global trade network and a system of colonies and dependencies. The Aztecs followed a religion based on the worship of a pantheon of gods, and they were known for their elaborate ceremonies and human sacrifices. The French Empire came to an end in the mid-19th century, following Napoleon's defeat at the Battle of Waterloo. \hline \text { Column 4 } & {10} & {365} \\ Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. For example, the Kongo was in decline. How did religion lead to conflict in Europe 1450-1700? The Mughal Empire was characterized by a period of economic, cultural, and architectural prosperity, and it is regarded as one of India's greatest empires. African Americans The Tokugawa shogunate, a feudal government led by the Tokugawa family, ruled during this period of political stability and economic growth. Maybe. The caraval, carrack and fluyt were all new technologies that helped countries increase their access to sea trade and travel. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions?
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