Alpha-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin alpha. Can Being Heterozygous for the Beta-Thalassemia Trait Affect Your Pregnancy? Immunity is a complex process that involves a lot of moving parts. And people with some blood disorders like sickle cell disease are resistant to malaria, added Dr. Adalja. 5, 25, 26, 27 However, no details were provided as to the outcomes and course of the pregnancy in this . A recent study in the Lombardy region identified the positivity of anti-Covid-19 antibodies in 4.5 . This shortage has been of even greater concern in South Asia (due to a high incidence of beta-thalassemia), where it's been estimated that 200,000 people depend on regular blood transfusions to manage their condition. Acta Biomed. Guidelines for the Management of Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemia, 3rd ed. If youre a silent carrier or have thalassemia minor, youre unlikely to need typical thalassemia treatments, like blood transfusions or iron therapy. (2022). But you can pass the gene on to future generations. ; 2 Department of Internal Medicine, UOC Medicina Generale, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. Nutrition. Beta-thalassemia trait is less common. For adults who are immunocompromised, the CDC recommends: People with thalassemia were excluded from COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, so its unclear if vaccines are as effective for people with thalassemia as the general population. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. What We Know, 25% chance their child wont have thalassemia trait, 50% chance their child will have thalassemia trait, 25% chance their child will have a severe form of thalassemia. There are two types of thalassemia, alpha and beta. 2020;143:110014.doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110014, Motta I, De Amicis MM, Pinto VM, et al. Accessibility eCollection 2022 Aug. See this image and copyright information in PMC. The first study, conducted by Danish researchers, analyzed data from more than 473,000 people tested for COVID-19 with data from a control group of more than 2.2m non-tested people. Thalassemia patients also tend to have complications and coexisting conditions that may put them at an increased risk of severe outcomes, such as hospitalization and death, if they do become infected with COVID-19. (2022). Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. Thalassemia is an inherited disorder that impairs the production of hemoglobin. Co-inheritance of -thalassaemia and -thalassaemia in a prenatal screening population in mainland China. There is some limited evidence that certain types of thalassemia may offer some protection against SARS-CoV-2. Pregnancy outcomes among women affected with thalassemia traits. COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus; haemoglobinopathies; pandemic; thalassaemia. A Study Says These 4 Factors May Predict Persistent Symptoms, Journal of the American Medical Association, CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Do people with thalassemia trait need treatment? World Health Organization (WHO) . People with thalassemia should assume that they are as likely to become infected as the general population and are more likely to have severe outcomes. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. Orphanet J Rare Dis. Hemoglobin is the iron-containing part of your red blood cells that allows them to carry oxygen throughout your body. By. Read our, Risk of Severe Outcomes From COVID-19 for People With Thalassemia, Complications of Thalassemia and COVID-19, People Who Have Had a Splenectomy and Transplant Recipients. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. More research is needed to, Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. (2020). Last medically reviewed on April 6, 2023. The CDC recommends mRNA vaccines for people who are moderately or severely immunocompromised. Thalassemia trait means you carry the gene that causes the disease, but you dont have the disease yourself. Beta-thalassemia may protect against COVID 19 - Semantic Scholar If you have thalassemia trait, it means you carry a genetic mutation that causes thalassemia, but you dont have the disease yourself. 2021.doi:10.1016/j.htct.2021.04.003, Dalamaga M, Karampela I, Mantzoros CS. ; 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences . A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. FOIA 2020;91(3):e2020007. A 2022 study found that people with beta-thalassemia trait were also at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, Wolff RA, Ibrahim NK, Chua MLK, Hotte SJ, Meyers BM, Elfiki T, Curigliano G, Eng C, Grothey A, Xie C. Oncologist. If you have minor or no symptoms, your provider may suspect thalassemia based on the results of a routine blood test. hypoxic effect of anaemia in COVID-19 . What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? For those who have not yet started the medication, delaying the use of the medication should be considered. When there isn't enough hemoglobin, the body's red blood cells don't function properly and they last shorter periods of time, so there are fewer healthy red blood cells traveling . Acta Biomed. At the current time, there is no evidence that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can be transmitted by blood transfusion, and if present at all, the risk is likely to be very low. Key areas covered include patients' risk level, adaptation of haemoglobinopathy care, safety of blood transfusions, blood supply challenges, and lifestyle and nutritional considerations. What is Thalassemia? | CDC Among people aged 36 or older, an average of 60% of thalassemia patients had at least one coexisting condition (100% in the non-transfusion dependent group and 41.7% in the transfusion-dependent group). Editor's note: Find the latest COVID-19 news and guidance in Medscape's Coronavirus . ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. While blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy (iron-binding drugs that are sometimes given via infusion) require traveling to a clinic or hospital, there are many healthcare visits that can be handled virtually. There are no extra safety precautions necessary for people with beta thalassemia who get vaccinated against COVID-19 when compared with people in the general population. Here's What You Need to Know, Omicron Infection Timeline: When Symptoms Start and How Long They Last. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. All rights reserved. Quite a bit of research has been published on the topic of blood type and its role in determining COVID-19 risk. Colorized scanning electron micrograph of a cell, isolated from a . SARS-CoV-2 infection in beta thalassemia: Preliminary data from the Italian experience. A simple blood test known as a complete blood count (CBC) could suggest whether or not you have thalassemia trait. Patients with beta-thalassaemia increase the risk of bacterial infections, particularly Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis in Thailand. Other types of thalassemia cause more severe symptoms that can be found earlier in life, usually before a child is . Thalassemia is a medical condition in which the body makes less hemoglobin than usual. But because reinfection is possible and COVID-19 can cause severe medical complications, it's recommended that people who . The results provide hope that people receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines will develop similar lasting immune memories after vaccination. What are the symptoms of beta thalassemia? Vaccines & immunizations: Use of COVID-19 vaccines in the U.S. (2022). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), people with thalassemia may be at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Looking at a small sample group early on in the pandemic, the overall mortality rate of those with thalassemia from a COVID-19 infection was 18.6%, compared with a mortality rate of 4.71% in the general population. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. -Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene blood disorder, while the assessment of its susceptibility to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants it a pressing biomedical priority. This condition is called anemia. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Sotiriou S, et al. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). 2020;57(5):478.doi:10.1007/s13312-020-1831-9, By Lynne Eldridge, MD Some people have been re-infected multiple times with the virus, while others appear to have avoided the virus entirely. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. Eur J Haematol. Still, you can pass on the disease to your child. The COVID-19 pandemic may affect both the treatment of thalassemia in general and how COVID-19 is treated in people with thalassemia who become infected. eCollection 2023. According to this systematic-review meta-analysis, beta-thalassemia carriers could be less affected by CO VID-19 than the general population and more susceptible to die from COVID-19 or one of its consequences. Shortness of breath is a common symptom of anemia. COVID-19 vaccine is high priority for cardiac patients. 2020;105(4):378-386.doi:10.1111/ejh.13476, Yadav U, Pal R. Challenging Times for Children With Transfusion-dependent Thalassemia Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic. Blood tests can reveal the number of red blood cells and abnormalities in size, shape or color. What's the Link Between ARDS and COVID-19? -. Moreover, the excess amount of iron, contributing to oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of the disease, alters the immune system in -thalassemia, which is important during the COVID-19 pandemic. Exemptions may be granted for people with severe allergies to COVID-19 vaccines or any of their components. So, its important to know your status. 2023 Healthline Media LLC. Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). An official website of the United States government. doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. COVID19 in a pregnant patient with betathalassemia major: A case There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. 2020;60(12):3046-3054.doi:10.1111/trf.16056, d'argon A, Putri MG, Savitri Y, Alfaidin AMR. doi:10.1002/ajh.25857, NGO A, Masel D, Cahill C, Blumberg N, Refaiie MA. Learn more about beta-thalassemia trait and pregnancy. Anemia can affect your weight, whether due to its impact on your appetite and activity levels or its underlying cause. At this time, scientists are just beginning to learn how a diagnosis of thalassemia may affect the risk of COVID-19, potential complications, and how the pandemic may affect treatment, but preliminary research has revealed some trends. Thalassemia: Understanding the Inherited Blood Disorder, What Hemoglobin Does and Why It Is Important, When Iron Deficiency Anemia Is Not What It Appears to Be, What to Know About Chronic Kidney Disease and COVID-19, What to Know About Sickle Cell Disease and COVID-19, Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS), Iron Chelation Preparations and Side Effects, What to Know About Parkinsons Disease and COVID-19, Alpha Thalassemia Types, Diagnosis, and Treatment, What to Know About Organ Transplants and COVID-19, A comprehensive update of ICET-A Network on COVID-19 in thalassemias: what we know and where we stand, COVID-19. Thalassemia - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic There has also been a shortage at other steps in the process, such as personnel available to perform collections, as well as process and deliver donated blood. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you are a silent carrier for alpha-thalassemia. Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. Blood. Eur J Haematol. (Note: The overall mortality rate for COVID-19 is currently less than 1%.). But such tests are often costly. Healthline Media does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Vaccine safety and effectiveness for people with beta thalassemia. And while some people develop more severe forms of COVID-19, others develop mild or no symptoms. It causes anemia. Is the COVID-19 Vaccine Linked to Tinnitus? Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. Iron chelation therapy is also a vital treatment for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia and should be continued until COVID-19 symptoms develop. About 1.5% of the worlds population carry HBB mutations that cause beta thalassemia. If your MCV is too low, they may order further blood tests to check for thalassemia trait. Without enough hemoglobin, your red blood cells die more quickly, and your organs and tissues dont get enough oxygen. There are a number of reasons why people with thalassemia might be at risk for more severe outcomes with COVID-19. With more research, we may one day have a clearer understanding of the connection between COVID-19 and different blood types. (2022). Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 2021;27:e929207. eCollection 2023. They also had a higher chance of developing severe symptoms but didnt have higher rates of ICU admission. Luspatercept improves hemoglobin levels and blood transfusion requirements in a study of patients with -thalassemia. Can COVID-19 Be A Threat For Thalassemia Patients? Find - Onlymyhealth Autosomal means the affected genes arent on sex chromosomes. However, as the situation surrounding COVID-19 continues to evolve, it's possible that some data have changed since publication. The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Learn more about its symptoms and how it's diagnosed. It is possible to have both alpha- and beta-thalassemia. For those who develop COVID-19, doctors should be aware of this increased risk of a secondary bacterial infection so that antibiotics can be started early with any signs, such as a fever. That said, the shortage of the blood supply has proven challenging. Lynne Eldrige, MD, is a lung cancer physician, patient advocate, and award-winning author of "Avoiding Cancer One Day at a Time.". The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends COVID-19 vaccines for everybody over 6 months of age in the United States. In Beta thalassemia two genes are involved. Blood types are split up into four major groups, all dependent on the presence or absence of two specific antigens on the surface of the blood: A and B, according to the American Red Cross. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. Its considered safer to wait to begin gene therapy or prepare for a stem-cell transplant for thalassemia in communities currently affected by COVID-19. That means your genetic sex (based on which sex chromosomes you have) doesnt influence whether you inherit the condition. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. Symptoms can range from none at all to severe anemia that requires frequent blood transfusions. It causes your body to produce a lower-than-normal amount of hemoglobin, the part of your red blood cells that carries oxygen. If you have concerns, speak with a doctor or healthcare professional about your individual risks. Farid Y, et al. They result in low hemoglobin production and destruction of red blood cells. (2022). Blood clots are fairly common with COVID-19, and many physicians view it as a disease of blood vessels. It could be that antigens for people with type O blood block the spike protein in SARS-CoV-2, and keeps it from entering into your cells, said Dr. Russo. Getting COVID-19 offers some natural protection or immunity from reinfection with the virus that causes COVID-19.It's estimated that getting COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination both result in a low risk of another infection with a similar variant for at least six months.. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to blood bank shortages, which have created challenges for people with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. COVID-19 and thalassemia: Frequently asked questions. The need for frequent blood transfusions and complications of the disease that result in more clinic visits and hospitalizations could raise the odds that someone would come into contact with the virus. Thalassemia is a hereditary disorder that affects the production of hemoglobin. Current recommendations are that a person's usual regimen of transfusions should be continued during the pandemic. These transplants should proceed. Your doctor can address any particular concerns you may have. They also shouldnt get it if they have a known allergy to a component of the vaccine. Theres no cure for Nijmegen breakage syndrome, but its complications can be treated. Clin Lab Med. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. The vaccines cannot give you COVID-19. Two recently published studies have found that people who recover from COVID-19 develop antibodies that may last almost a year. You can still pass on the affected gene, but you wont experience any symptoms. People with certain medical conditions. This causes less severe anemia. Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. The information in this story is accurate as of press time. These medications bind to iron so that it can be expelled from the body. The current evidence suggests that the benefits of COVID-19 vaccination outweigh the risk of side effects for most people with autoimmune disease, according to the Global Autoimmune Institute, which reviewed the available scientific literature.
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